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Dinosaur Evolution: A Journey from Tetrapod to Bird

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Xenotaris

MemberAllosaurusOct-18-2016 6:26 AM

Okay before I get in to direct Dinosaur evolution I must first weave the tale of how these guys came along, okay lets start with the Fish that crawled out of the water otherwise it would be a drag explaining the evolution of fish.

Okay along time ago back around the Devonian time, a group of Lobe-fin fishes gradually evolved lungs and slowly crawled out of the water on to land to possibly escape from hungry predators.

These fish became the first Tetrapods or Amphibians, millions of years later and millions of generations later prototreptile amniotes then evolve from Reptiliomorph amphibians during the Carboniferous peroid, officially around the Pennsylvanian Epoch but it is possible they could of appear in the Mississippian epoch.

Animotes later diverged in to two clades: Synapsids (Mammal-like Reptiles and later Mammals) and Sauropsida (Classic Reptiles).

Now since we are going in to later dinosaur evolution we can mark out the Synapsids from the discussion since that would be a topic for a later time.

Sauropsida is then divided into Parareptilia (at the side of reptiles) and Eureptilia (True Reptiles)

Eureptilia later gives rise to several lizard-like early reptiles and then the clade Romeriida evolves which will give rise to Diapsid reptiles (Modern Reptiles and their extinct relatives)

Diapsid Reptiles would evolve in to several primitive forms before two notable clades would eventually win out so to speak. Lepidosauromorphs (Snakes, lizards, Tuatara, and their extinct relatives like mosasurus) and Archosauromorphs (Ruing Reptiles). Pantestudines in my opinion belongs with Archosauromorph due to DNA and Fossil record backing. This ends the Permian peroid.

Archosauromorphs, now where getting closer. After several basal clades we finally get Archosauriformes. Most Archosauriformes roughly resembled crocodiles if more lightly armored to barely armored but lets flash forward to the clade of Archosauria; seeing as the other Archosauriformes are no long relevant to this topic. Which happens mostly in the Early Triassic.

Archosauria can be divided in to two super clades: Avemetatarsalia/Ornithodira and Pseudosuchia (Crocodilans and their extinct relatives like the Rauisuchians)

Avemetatarsalia also known as Ornithodira or Pan-Aves is the clade that holds the Pterosauromorphs and the Dinosauromorphs.

Dinosauromorphs clade contains all Dinosaur clades including modern birds and their extinct relatives. Dinosauromorphs that were closer related to true Dinosaurs were Dinosauriformes while Non-dinosaurian dinosaurmorphs belong to Lagerpetids.

Dinosauriformes housed several dinosaur-like forerunners but the most developed group besides the dinosaurs themselves were the Silesaurids. These creatures appeared roughly in the Middle Triassic.

And now we finally arrived to the clade Dinosauria which itself is broken up in to two major clades: Ornithischia (Bird-hip Dinosaurs) and Saurischia (Lizard-hip Dinosaurs) both arrived in the Late Triassic.

Ornithischia can be splitted up in to three primary clades: Ornithopods (basically beaked bipeds and duckbills), Thyreophora (Plated and armored dinosaurs with attack tails), and Marginocephalia (Head Armored Dinosaurs)

 

Saurischia is simply divided in to two clades: Sauropodomorphs (Long Necked herbivores) and Theropods (Bipedal Carnivores, later some beaked long necked bipedal herbivores, and birds)

The earliest members of Saurischia were fairly theropod-like but we do know the earliest members of each clade. Eoraptor long suspected to be a primitive theropod or even a basal Saurischia is now thought to be a primitive sauropodomorph along with the similar Guaibasaurids while Eodromaeus snags the spot of the Eoraptors previous position as an early theropod along side the slightly more advanced Herrerasaurids.

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Xenotaris
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Several Theropod groups arose in the later epochs of the Triassic like CoelophysisLiliensternusZupaysaurus, and Dilophosaurids (whose famous members Dilophosaurus and Crylophosaurus appear in the early Jurassic but were very much a triassic Theropod)

In the early Jurassic another clade of theropod evolved from primitive Triassic theropods possibly sharing a common ancestors with the aforementioned early Dilophosaurids. the Averostra which are divided in to Ceratosaurs and the Tetanurae.

Tetanurae eventually lead to two more larger clades: Megalosauroidea (Megalosaurids, Spinosaurids, and Monolophosaurus) and Avetheropoda.

Avetheropoda is divided in to: Carnosauria (Allosaurids, Carcharodontosaurids, and Neovenatorids) and last but not least Coelurosauria.

Coelurosauria is divided in to several groups: Primitive Coelurosauria and Tyrannoraptora.

Tyrannoraptora is then divided in to Tyrannosauroids, CompsognathidsManiraptoriformes, and basal/primitive Tyrannoraptorans.

Maniraptoriformes are then divided in to OrnithomimosauriaManiraptora, and basal Maniraptoriformes like Fukuivenator.

Maniraptora is divided in to AlvarezsauriaTherizinosauriaPennaraptora, and basal Maniraptorans.

Pennaraptora is then divided in to OviraptorosauriaParaves, and basal Pennaraptorans.

Paraves is then divided in to Scansoriopterygids, Eumaniraptora, and basal Paraves.

we are almost at the end, Eumaniraptora can be divided in to Dromaeosaurids (like Utahraptor, Veloicraptor, and Microraptors) and Averaptora which is divided in to Troodontids and Avialae (True Birds: Both basal and modern)

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Darth Shiro
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Thanks for making my suggestion Xenotaris!

Dinosaurs incredible creatures who roamed the Earth 65 million years ago. Never had nature been filled with so much terror and beauty...

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We should gather all of the Dinosaur experts here.

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Avialae is then divided into Euavialae (True winged Birds) and basal Avialae.

Euavialae eventually leads to the clade Avebrevicauda (Short tailed Birds) which then leads to Pygostylia which divides in to Omnivoropterygids, ConfuciusornithiformesOrnithothoraces, and other basal Pygostylia.

Ornithothoraces are then divided up in to Enantiornithes and Euornithes.

Euornithes later evolves in to the clade Ornithuromorpha, which later down the evolutionary road leads to Ornithurae which is divided between basal Ornithurae and the more advanced Neornithes (Modern Birds) which is divided into two clades: Palaeognathae and Neognathae.

Neognathae is further divided:

Galloanserae 

^

[Galliformes (pheasants, turkeys, peacocks, and fowls=chickens), 

Anseriformes (Ducks, Swans, Geese)]

-------------------------------------------

Neoaves 

^

[Phoenicopteriformes (Flamingos and their relatives), 

Podicipediformes (Grebe and their relatives), 

Columbiformes (Pigeons and doves), 

Mesitornithiformes (Mesite), 

Pteroclidiformes (Sandgrouse), 

Apodiformes (Swifts, Tree Swifts, and Humming Birds), 

Caprimulgiformes (Oilbirds, Nightjars, Frogmouths, potoos, and Nighthawks), 

Cuculiformes (Cuckoo), 

Otidiformes (Bustards, including floricans and korhaans), 

Musophagiformes (Turaco), 

Opisthocomiformes ( Hoatzin), 

Gruiformes (Cranes, Crakes, and Rails), 

Charadriiformes (Waders, Gulls, and Auks), 

Gaviiformes (loons or divers and their closest extinct relatives), 

Procellariiformes (Petrels), 

Sphenisciformes (Penguins), 

Ciconiiformes (Storks), 

Suliformes (Frigatebird, Gannet, Booby, Cormorant, Shag, and darters), 

Pelecaniformes (Pelicans), 

Eurypygiformes (Kagus and Sunbitten), 

Phaethontiformes (Tropicbird), 

Accipitriformes (Bird of Prey: Hawks, Eagles, Harriers, Osprey, Buzzards, Old World Vultures, Kites, and Secretarybirds), 

Strigiformes (Owls), 

Coliiformes (Mousebird), 

Leptosomiformes (Cuckoo roller), 

Trogoniformes (Trogons and Quetzals), 

Bucerotiformes (Hornbills, Hoopoe and Wood hoopoes), 

Coraciiformes (Kingfishers, the Bee-eaters, the Rollers, the Motmots, and the Todies), 

Piciformes (Woodpeckers and close relatives), 

Cariamiformes (Seriema), 

Falconiformes (Falcons and Caracaras), 

Psittaciformes (Parrots), 

Passeriformes (Sunbird, Crovids, Jays, Sparrows, Weavers)

 

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Xenotaris
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sorry for the long list was jotting out all the bird groups, LOL

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Lol ok!

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Darth Shiro
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Also Eagles are related to which dinosaurs?

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Xenotaris
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read the evolution chart I made. 

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Darth Shiro
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Ok.

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Xenotaris
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All Birds belong in Paraves which they share with Troodons and Dromaeosaurids like Velociraptor, Utahraptor, and Microraptors

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Thanks.

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Xenotaris
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I will later discuss more on individual Theropod linages, my personal favorite are the Dromaeosaurids, Tyrannosauroids, and the Dilophosaurids

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Darth Shiro
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Nice i will follow your lists and i will ask GG to feature it! You know we could work together on discussions! PM me if you want to. Also what's your favourite Dinosaur? Mine is Spinosaurus.

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Xenotaris
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Well I love all Dinosaurs but my favorite is Dilophosaurus and it turned out to be the cornerstone of theropod evolution.

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Xenotaris
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Its the dinosaur I've been using in most of my posts.

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Darth Shiro
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Yup! I sent a PM to GG asking him to feature this btw.

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GG
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Still have not admitted that chickens and T.rex are the closest in DNA though.

Good grief.

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Darth Shiro
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.........rlly

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Xenotaris
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Why? My Evolution chart is based on fossil evidence. A Chicken is a bird there for it would be a relative to Dromaoesaurus "ie Utahraptor and Velociraptor" and Troodons. Tyrannosauruses broke away early in Bird evolution to the point they had little to no direct relations to Birds. Also if Chciekns and T. rexes were identical then a chicken would look exactly like a tyrannosaurus if there DNA were similar. Your DNA is your biological blue print, Chickens might have T. rex proteins but they are still closer related to Raptors I'm sorry dromaeosaurs than a darn Tyrannosauroid!

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Not to mention dromaoesaurids ie Utahraptors and Velociraptors had more bird features than any tyrannosauroid aside from feathers but it seems that most dinosaurs were covered in some sort of feather covering except the Dromaosaurids, Troodontids, and Birds have flight feathers and had powered flight/glide.

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